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meRfi® Microbiome - The Digital Gut Microbiome Reference (incl. AI Chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

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Morbus Parkinson / Parkinson's Disease (PD) & Neuroinflammation

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Contents

Neuroinflammation has emerged as a key aspect of Morbus Parkinson / Parkinson's Disease (PD)
Fitzner et al. 2008 Clin Vaccine Immunol 15(1): 138-46
de Oliviera et al. 2012 Front Immunol 3: 79
Figueroa-Hall et al. 2020 Psychoneuroendocrinology 121: 104843
Aluri et al. 2021 Cells 10(6): 1374

CD4+ T helper cells inﬁltrate into the Substantia nigra of Morbus Parkinson / Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients and animal models. CD4+ T-cell response involved in PD patients is directed to oxidized forms of [Alfa-Synuclein (SNCA)](brai…

References (Sources)

Changes in cytokines and neurotrophins in Parkinson’s disease
Nagatsu et al. 2000 Adv Res Neurodegen 2000: 277-90
Human skin endothelial cells can express all 10 TLR genes and respond to respective ligands
Fitzner et al. 2008 Clin Vaccine Immunol 15(1): 138-46
Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease brains
McGeer et al. 1988 Neurology 38(8): 1285
Ten unsolved questions about neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease
Hirsch & Standaert 2021 Move Disord Off J Move Disord Soc 36(1): 16-24
The role of TLR2 in infection and immunity
de Oliviera et al. 2012 Front Immunol 3: 79
Review
Toll-like receptor signaling in depression
Figueroa-Hall et al. 2020 Psychoneuroendocrinology 121: 104843
Toll-like receptor signaling in the establishment and function of the immune system
Aluri et al. 2021 Cells 10(6): 1374
Review

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7/1/2026

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