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Commensal anaerobic bacteria in the mouse gut lumen produced a high concentration of the active retinoids, all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), and 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cisRA)), as well as the principal circulating retinoid, retinol.
Cecal bacteria supplemented with vitamin A produced active retinoids in vitro, establishing that gut bacteria encode metabolic machinery necessary for the multistep conversion of dietary vitamin A i…