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Many diseases where Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is experimentally used are characterized by a pro-inflammatory skewed immune response (e.g., GvHD), and FMT acts as an immunoregulatory factor decreasing the vicious circle and constant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
These findings and the success of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) have led to an interest in its therapeutic potential in many other disorders. The mechanisms that underpin the efficacy of FMT are not fully understood
There is clear evidence of the success of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in some trials across several indications, including Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), after hematopoietic stem cell transplant and in autism spectrum disorders
Optimal dosing and delivery route for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) are also incompletely understood and maybe context-dependent
At present, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is only recommended in the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, although a large number of trials are ongoing worldwide exploring other potential therapeutic indications
384 clinical studies involving Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) from 2010 to 2019. Most studies were small (median enrolment target 35 patients, IQR 20-60) and early phase (170 (81%) of 209 were phase I or II). Between 2010 and 2019, the number of studies increased, and the disease indications being explored diversified. Most studies (271 (71%) of 384) were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, with another 38 (10%) in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, 30 (8%) in the Japan Primary Registries Network, and 45 (12%) in all other registries combined. Most studies were registered in North America, Western Europe, and East Asia. 98 (27%) of 367 had a site in the USA and 84 (24%) of 367 had a site in China. Only one study had a site in Africa. None had a site in South America.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) Therapy responders can improve treatment outcome in humans by influencing the immune system systemically.
In 2013, 21 studies - most (17 of 21) studying Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - were registered.
An overview article under the title "European consensus conference on fecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice" about FMT indications, donor selection, preparation of fecal material, clinical management and fecal delivery, and basic requirements for implementing an FMT center can be found under Cammarota et al. (2017).
For a more comprehensive overview see
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) (non-standardized) & Preclinical/Clinical data & Combinations
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) (non-standardized) & Preclinical/Clinical Data & Monotherapy
Vrieze et al. found that some patients improved insulin sensitivity after FMT. This improvement came from a few specific donors. Only a minority of donor samples worked well. Other samples had no effect. These effective donors are called "super-donors."
Studies on IBD show similar results. Some donor samples help many patients. We can't identify super-donors before experiments. New studies aim to find super-donors earlier. This helps analyze their microbiome better.
Clinical studies have shown varying results regarding the relationship between specific bacterial taxa and the effectiveness of treatments. For example, some research links Akkermansia muciniphila to positive clinical outcomes (; ). However, other studies have highlighted potential side effects associated with this bacterium (; ).
see also:
Akkermansia muciniphila & Anti-PD-1 antibodies / PD-1 inhibitors
Akkermansia muciniphila & Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs)
Diseases / Disorders (extraintestinal manifestations)
Diseases / Disorders (intestinal manifestations)
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (therapy-associated infections)
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Adiposity / Obesity
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Alcoholic hepatitis
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Autism Spectrum Disorder
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Bipolar Affective Disorder
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Crohn’s Disease (CD)
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) (recurrent)
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) In IBD Patients
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) (non-standardized) & Preclinical/Clinical data & Combinations
Anti-PD-1 antibodies / PD-1 inhibitors + Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Gastrointestinal cancers
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Liver Fibrosis / Cirrhosis
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Malnutrition
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Morbus Parkinson / Parkinson's Disease (PD)
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Ulcerative Colitis (UC)