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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects how people communicate and behave. It is a complex neurobiological disorder with pervasive neurodevelopmental disabilities. Core symptoms include social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior patterns, interests, and activities. Problems with cognition, language, behavior, sleep, and mood are common (1, 2, 3, 4).
ASD generally occurs early in childhood and is diagnosed before the age of three in most cases. It affects about 3% of school-age children (2, 3, 4, 5).
Notably, many individuals with ASD experience concurrent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, suggesting a connection between the gut and the brain (6, 7, 8).
The causes of these disorders remain poorly understood (1).
The incidence of ASD has increased dramatically in recent years, with an estimated prevalence of 1%-2%, according to numerous studies conducted in Asia, Europe, and North America (9, 10).
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is increasing, but its etiology remains elusive and hence an effective treatment is not available (11).
ASD is more common in males than females (2:1-5:1) (12).
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) could be triggered by nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity At present, no major experimental study confirms the role of nitric oxide in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) (13).
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