Bile acids / Bile salts

What are the concentrations of Bile acids / Bile salts in the biliary system and in the intestine?

The highest exposure to bile acids (BA) occurs in the biliary system. In the gallbladder, bile concentrations can range from 50 to 300 mM, while in the bile duct, concentrations are between 20 and 50 mM. In contrast, the concentrations in the portal venous system are significantly lower, measuring around 20-50 μM. The small intestine contains high but variable BA levels (∼10 mM), whereas the colon represents a lower concentration (<1 mM) but enriched in deconjugated and microbially modified species (1).

What d…