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meRfi® Microbiome - The Digital Gut Microbiome Reference (incl. AI Chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

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Violacein

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Violacein is a naturally occurring bis-indole pigment known for its antibiotic properties, which include anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-tumor effects.
Andrighetti-Fröhner et al. 2003 Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98(6): 843-848
Choi et al. 2015 Biomed Res Int 2015: 465056
Durán et al. 2016 Biotechnology Advances 34(5): 1030-1045
Myeong et al. 2016 Journal of Biotechnology 223: 36-37

This pigment is produced by various species of bacteria, such as Chromobacterium violaceum, and is responsible for their distinctive purple coloration. Violacein is gaining attention for its commercially appealing applications, particularly in i…

References (Sources)

Advances in Chromobacterium violaceum and properties of violacein-Its main secondary metabolite: A review
Durán et al. 2016 Biotechnology Advances 34(5): 1030-1045
Review
Complete genome sequence of antibiotic and anticancer agent violacein producing Massilia sp. strain NR 4-1
Myeong et al. 2016 Journal of Biotechnology 223: 36-37
Cytotoxicity and potential antiviral evaluation of violacein produced by Chromobacterium violaceum
Andrighetti-Fröhner et al. 2003 Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98(6): 843-848
High-level production of violacein by the newly isolated Duganella violaceinigra str. NI28 and its impact on Staphylococcus aureus.
Choi et al. 2015 Sci Rep 5: 15598
Isolation and Characterization of a Violacein Pigment-Producing Psychrotolerant Bacterium Iodobacter sp. Strain S-LB17
Zakharova et al. 2025 Microbiology 94: 302-307
Multiple Adaptive Strategies of Himalayan Iodobacter sp. PCH194 to High-Altitude Stresses
Kumar et al. 2022 Front Microbiol 13: 881873
Violacein from an Antarctic Iodobacter sp. 7MAnt and its function as immunomodulator of the defence mechanism of innate immunity in fish cells
Valenzuela et al. 2022 J Fish Dis 45(3): 485-489

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Violacein - Wikipedia