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Insulin resistance is a complex pathophysiological condition characterized by reduced sensitivity to insulin action. It occurs when insulin is less effective at stimulating glucose use by peripheral tissues and certain neuronal populations, largely because of receptor-signaling desensitization (1, 2).
Insulin resistance is a major underlying pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and is a crucial feature and risk factor for type 2 diabetes. It is also associated with [glucose intolerance](brain://bd…