CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3 high Treg (peripherally induced)

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How do peripherally active CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3 high Tregs develop?

Peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) are defined as originating predominantly from conventional, previously FOXP3-negative CD4+ T cells. Naive CD4+ FOXP3- T cells can induce FOXP3 and differentiate into pTreg after antigen, which are usually derived from food and microbes (4), recognition under tolerogenic conditions, particularly with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and often [retinoic acid](brain://qGqJkEsQv1ea7g_COnsZzg/Retin…

References (Sources)

A Special Population of Regulatory T Cells Potentiates Muscle Repair
Burzyn et al. 2013 Cell 155: 1282-1295
Control of regulatory T cell homeostasis
Buszko & Shevach 2020 Current Opinion in Immunology 67: 18-26
Review
Mechanisms of human FoxP3+ Treg cell development and function in health and disease
Attias et al. 2019 Clinical and Experimental Immunology 197(1): 36-51
Review
Metabolic control of regulatory T cell development and function
Zeng & Chi 2015 Trends Immunol. 36: 3-12
Review
PD-L2 controls peripherally induced regulatory T cells by maintaining metabolic activity and Foxp3 stability
Hurrell et al. 2022 Nat Commun 13: 5118
Regulatory T cells in skin facilitate epithelial stem cell differentiation.
Ali et al. 2017 Cell 169: 1119-1129
The mechanisms shaping the repertoire of CD4+ Foxp3+regulatory T cells
Kraj & Ignatowicz 2018 Immunology 153(3): 290-296
Review

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11/5/2026

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