Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) + Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs)

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) from cancer patients who responded to a therapy wiht Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) (i.e., Anti-PD-1 antibodies / PD-1 inhibitors) into antibiotic-treated mice restored the efficacy of this therapy
Routy et al. 2018a Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15(6): 382-396

In contrast, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) from non-responder patients into antibiotic-treated mice failed to stimulate the response achieved with Anti-PD-1 antibodies / PD-1 inhibitors
Elkrief et al. 2019 Annals of Oncology 30(10): 1572-1579

see also:
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) & Cancer Immunotherapy / Immuno-Oncology
Gut microbiota & Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs)