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When stimulated by intracellular pathogens (e.g., viruses ), Group 1 ILCs (ILC1) help activate macrophages.
Group 1 ILCs (ILC1) are in general non cytotoxic or only weakly cytotoxic.
They express Natural killer cells (NK cells) receptors (NCRs), too. (= NCR+ T-bet+ ILC1). They do not express Eomes and exhibit less cytotoxicity than NK cells
However, Eomesodermin (Eomes) is expressed in intraepithelial ILC1 (ieILC1) and heterogenous in CD127+ ILC1
Helper ILC1s critically depend on the transcription factor T-bet / T-box transcription factor 21 (TBX21) and can amplify immune responses against intracellular pathogens via an extensive release of Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-alfa). Innate lymphoid cells of type 1 accumulate in inflamed mucosal tissues.
ILC1 are found in the liver (Liver ILC1), in the tonsils and the intestine (intraepithelial ILC1 (ieILC1)), and as CD127+ ILC1 in the blood, tonsils, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, lymph nodes, spleen, and fat. Their markers differ depending on the tissue occurrence.
All express the transcription factor T-bet / T-box transcription factor 21 (TBX21)
Group 1 ILCs (ILC1) is one of the subsets of Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). They require T-bet (= transcription factor) to function and produce Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g)
Group 1 ILCs (ILC1) plays a vital role in strengthening immunity to intracellular bacteria and parasites
Group 1 ILCs (ILC1) express Interleukin 12 receptor beta 2 subunit
Group 1 ILCs (ILC1) (which include Conventional Natural Killer (cNK) Cells and Tissue-Resident ILC1 )) aid in gut antibacterial defense through the production of Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g), which is critical for mobilizing protective responses against enteric pathogens. It was significantly increased after lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) exposure to Gram-negative commensal or pathogenic bacteria, but not after exposure to the Gram-positive bacteria commensals tested
Stimulation of Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g) production from Group 1 ILCs was not through direct recognition of bacteria by Conventional Natural Killer (cNK) Cells or Tissue-Resident ILC1, but rather required accessory cells within the lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) population
Conventional (or classical) dendritic cells (cDCs) generated IL-12p70, Interleukin-18 (IL-18), and Interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta (IL-1F2) upon exposure to enteric bacteria and these cytokines contributed to Group 1 ILC Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g) production
Gram-negative commensal or pathogenic bacteria induced significant expression of Granzyme B in Conventional Natural Killer (cNK) Cells and Tissue-Resident ILC1
Group 1 ILCs (ILC1) are remarkably similar to CD4+ Th1 Cells
The abundance of human Group 1 ILCs (ILC1) is higher in the small intestine than in the large intestine
Liver ILC1are located in the liver, characterized as CD49a+ TRAIL+ CXCR6+ DX5− NK1.1+, failed to perform its memory and cytotoxic functions. If the cells are missing Ahr, they lose their memory-type immunity
Bernink et al. (2015) further proposed that Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g) production CD127+ ILC1s came from the conversion of NKp44+ ILC3s under the control of IL-12 and IL-23.
ILC1s are characterized by the expression of CD127, the absence of surface markers that identify other immune subsets, and the lack of CRTH2 or cKit expression
CD56 (Neural cell adhesion molecule) for Liver ILC1, intraepithelial ILC1 (ieILC1) and heterogenous for CD127+ ILC1
CD69 for Liver ILC1, intraepithelial ILC1 (ieILC1) and heterogenous for CD127+ ILC1
CD103 (Integrin alfa E (ITGAE)) for intraepithelial ILC1 (ieILC1)
CD127 (Interleukin-7 receptor-alfa) for CD127+ ILC1
CD200R
CD49a (Integrin alfa-1) for Liver ILC and intraepithelial ILC1 (ieILC1)
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CXCR6)+,
NK1.1
NKp44 / NCR2 for intraepithelial ILC1 (ieILC1) and heterogenous for CD127+ ILC1
NKp46
TRAIL
Eomesodermin (Eomes) in intraepithelial ILC1 (ieILC1) and heterogenous in CD127+ ILC1
T-bet / T-box transcription factor 21 (TBX21)
Interleukin-12 (IL-12),
Interleukin-18 (IL-18)
Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g)
Granzyme C
Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-alfa)
see also:
CD335 (NKp46) & RAR-related orphan receptor gamma/t (ROR-gamma/t) Isoform 2 (NR1F3)
Conventional Natural Killer (cNK) Cells
Fingolimod & Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
ILC1-like cells
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) & Subsets
Ly49H
Natural killer cells (NK cells) & Viral infections
Tissue-Resident ILC1