Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) + Pembrolizumab & Melanoma (cutaneous)

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Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) combined with pembrolizumab has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance immunotherapy response in cutaneous melanoma, particularly in both first-line and PD-1 refractory settings. Clinical trials demonstrate improved efficacy, manageable safety, and microbiome-mediated immune reprogramming.

that Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) + Pembrolizumab can alter the gut microbiome and reprogram the tumor microenvironment, effecti…

Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients
Davar et al., 2021 Science 371: 595-602
Fecal microbiota transplantation followed by anti–PD-1 treatment in patients with advanced melanoma
Miller et al. 2022 J Clin Oncol 40: suppl 16 abstr 9533
Fecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: a phase I trial
Routy et al. 2023 Nat Med 29: 2121-2132
The Use of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Overcoming and Modulating Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Patients with Skin Cancer
Vongsavath et al. 2024 Cancers (Basel) 16(3): 499
Review

11/5/2026