Enterococcus & Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)

Members of the bacterial genus Enterococcus improve Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) immunotherapy in mouse tumor models. Active enterococci express and secrete orthologs of the NlpC/p60 peptidoglycan hydrolase SagA, which generate immune-active muropeptides.

Key findings include:

• Expression of SagA in nonprotective E. faecalis was sufficient to promote an immunotherapy response.


• The activity of SagA required the peptidoglycan sensor NOD2.


• SagA-engineered probiotics or synthetic muropeptides also augmented anti–PD-L1 antitumor efficacy.

Microbiota species with specialized peptidoglycan remodeling activity and [muropeptide](brain://QrIuf2…