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Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of L-tryptophan (Trp). It degrades L-tryptophan into L-kynurenine (Kyn), which can be further transformed into other metabolites known as kynurenines along the kynurenine pathway. These metabolites have significant immunoregulatory effects, primarily through the activation of the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR).