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Conclusion
After adjusting for patient population differences, nivolumab + ipilimumab had a statistically significant OS benefit over BRAF + MEK inhibitors. For both OS and PFS, nivolumab + ipilimumab demonstrated a significant benefit in analyses starting at 12 months, indicating that immunotherapy has a more durable benefit than the comparator targeted therapies. Ongoing randomized studies (NCT02224781; NCT02631447) comparing the outcomes of patients initiating treatment with nivolumab + ipilimumab or BRAF + MEK inhibitors will address the issue of confounding by subsequent treatment and are needed to validate these results (Atkins et al. 2019)
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