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Butyrate upregulates Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21Cip1/Waf1) expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in human colonic epithelial cells and various cell lines (e.g., HT-29 cells), leading to growth arrest and enhanced differentiation. This effect is independent of p53, and is mediated via histone acetylation.
Siavoshian et al. 2000 Gut…