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Probiotics (living agents) offer a promising, yet still only moderately effective, therapeutic option for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, with evidence strongest for specific strains and multi‑strain combinations that modestly improve global IBS symptoms, abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence. However, strain‑specific effects, heterogeneity of trial designs, and inconsistent findings - particularly for extra‑intestinal outcomes such as anxiety - currently prevent firm, guideline‑level recommendations beyond selected preparations, underscoring the need for well‑des…