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The gut microbiome is subject to constant variations, mainly driven by host characteristics such as genes, physiology, diet, and behavior (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 18). Interestingly, this accounts for only about 15% of the total variation in the human gut microbiome (6). The composition of the microbiota is highly variable at different locations of the intestinal tract (15).
Microbial diversity in the gut ensures robustness of the microbiota’s ability to generate a consistent immunomodulatory impact, serving as a highly important epigenetic system (14).
There is less intra-individual variation (Alfa-diversity) than inter-individual variation ([beta-diversity](brain://3k…