Ryanodine receptors

Historically, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) have posed significant challenges for high-resolution structural determination, despite long-standing interest in their role in excitation–contraction coupling. Due to their large size (nearly 2.2 MDa), achieving high-resolution structures was difficult until the advent of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) techniques.
Gong et al. 2021 Trends in Biochemical Sciences 46: 489

In recent years, structures for both RyR1 and RyR2 have been solved at near-atomic resolution. Additionally, recent studies have explored their complex structural associations with key modulators. These modulators include:

• Proteins such as the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), FKBP12/12.6, and calmodulin (CaM)


• Ions and small molecules including Ca2+, ATP, caffeine, and PCB95
  Gong et al. 20…