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Progesterone, Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), and Levonorgestrel (LNG) were mixed with a simulated human colon fluid and left in an environment without oxygen. Progesterone broke down completely in 2 hours, but MPA and LNG were still present after 24 hours. The time it took for half of each hormone to break down in the mixture was 28 minutes for progesterone, 644 minutes for MPA, and 240 minutes for LNG. This study is the first to explain how these hormones are broken down by microbes in the colon. MPA and LNG might be good options for delivering medicine to the colon, which could make them work better than current oral methods.
Coombes et al. 20…