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A. muciniphila secretes threonyl-tRNA synthetase (referred to hereafter as AmTARS) under normal steady-state conditions and that secreted AmTARS acts as an immune homeostatic mediator by activating the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) anti-inflammatory immune axis.
So, AmTARS is a TLR2-dependent anti-inflammatory immune mediator. AmTARS alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by activating IL-10-positive macrophages (M2 macrophages).
see also:
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs)…