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Maternal nutrition affects offspring health. This impact is both short- and long-term. The mechanisms are not fully understood. Maternal nutrition, milk immune components, and neonatal colonization may influence infant infections. The study of Rio-Aige et al. 2025a found plant-based diets beneficial. They reduce infection rates in offspring. This is due to gut microbiota and immune system changes. In suckling rats, a strong Th1 immune response was noted. Virus-specific responses were also enhanced. Human milk IgA and rat milk IgG2c were protective. They supported the maternal diet's effects. The fi…