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Carbohydrates can act as agonists for pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), often consist of carbohydrate structures
Pathogenic microorganisms have conserved carbohydrate structures, which are PAMPs
The carbohydrate structures in bacterial endotoxin, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interact with Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, leading to the activation of the receptor and subsequent immune signaling
Terminal mannose and fucose groups on microbial glycoproteins and glycolipids are examples of ligands recognized by PRRs
Marion 2014 In: Wells,…