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Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are powerful activators of the innate immune system. They play a crucial role in initiating dendritic cell (DC) maturation and stimulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells. Consequently, when co-administered with foreign antigens, TLR agonists enhance the adaptive immune response.
Evidence from mouse models suggests that TLR ligands can disrupt tolerance to self-antigens and stimulate immune responses against tumor antigens. Therefore, they are used as adjuvants in tumor vaccines and immunotherapeutic…