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Distinct mechanisms regulate the bacterial biosynthesis of each B vitamin
The mere capacity of gut microbes to produce B vitamins does not ensure an adequate supply to the host.
The gut microbiota contributes to B vitamin availability by both producing and consuming nutrients. For example, a certain percentage of gut bacteria have the ability to synthesize vitamin B9 (folate) de novo, and others can produce it with precursors provided by other bacteria.
The synthesis of B vitamins by the gut microbiota is influenced by various factors, including antibiotic exposure, genetic factors, dietary habits, and lifestyle. However, the amount of B vitamins produced by gut bacteria is typically not sufficient to meet the host's daily requirements, leading to a reliance on dietary sources.
Additionally, competition between gut microbes and between microbes and the host for these vitamins can create risks of deficiency.
Bacterial metabolism pathways are involved in B vitamin biosynthesis. The B-vitamin biosynthesis and “sharing” among the gut microbiota may be a potential stabilizer of the gut microbiome
see also:
B vitamins & Lactobacillales / Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Bacteroidetes / Bacteroidota
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)