Type III Secretion Systems (T3SS)

Bacterial Type III Secretion Systems (T3SS), also known as injectosomes, are molecular syringes used by pathogens to inject proteins into eukaryotic host cells across three membranes, from the bacterial cytoplasm to a target cell cytoplasm. These injected proteins, called effector proteins, promote pathogenesis by altering the cell cytoskeleton, signal transduction pathways, or other cellular processes. This tool is mostly found in certain bacteria, such as Yersinia, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella, which can cause diseases.
Deng et al. 2017 Nat Rev Microbiol 15: 323-337
Willey et al. 2023 McGraw Hill, USA, ISBN 978-1-265-12303-1

Structure and Function

T3SS consist of a basal…