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Clostridium perfringens Type D is a significant bacterial pathogen that primarily affects sheep and goats, causing a potentially fatal condition known as enterotoxemia or "pulpy kidney disease"
The hallmark of Clostridium perfringens Type D is its ability to produce epsilon toxin (ETX), which is the main virulence factor responsible for the severe clinical signs and lesions associated with enterotoxaemia. ETX is initially produced as a mostly inactive prototoxin that requires protease cleavage for activation.
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