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The Bacteroidetes phylum is associated with poorer odds of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy. Still, for unclear reasons, two of its members, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis, mark possible significant exceptions to the rule
Gopalakrishnan et al. 2018
Repleting Bacteroides fragilis and B. cepacia improved CTLA-4 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy in germ-free animal models and simultaneously reduced the risk of developing ICI-induced colitis
Repleting Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis in bacteria-depleted mice improved response to anti-CTLA-4 therapy when there was previously none
When considering the negative association of Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs) with Bacteroidetes species, Bacteroides fragilis has been demonstrated to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production through secretion of polysaccharide A