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Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder associated with intellectual disability. It occurs in approximately 1 in 800 births worldwide. In the United States, around 5,000 live births are affected by Down syndrome (DS) each year, and more than 200,000 people live with the disorder.
The syndrome was first described in 1866 by John Langdon Down, a physician from Cornwall, England. Over 90 years later, the chromosomal cause of Down syndrome (DS) was identified.
The developmental and socialization potential of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is increasingly recognized. Affected children and their families often receive early support to enhance development. Despite considerable phenotypic variation among patients, intellectual disability is most commonly moderate but can range from mild to s…