Functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGIDs) / Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) & Gut microbiota

Research increasingly shows that gut bacteria play an important role in disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). Gut bacteria can affect the immune system and the nervous system.
Philip et al. 2025 Brain Behav Immun 127: 238-250

In studies of germ-free mice, researchers introduced individual bacterial species, normal gut bacteria, or bacterial products. All of these treatments changed the mice’s behavior in similar ways.
Philip et al. 2025 Brain Behav Immun 127: 238-250

These effects involved immune sensors called Toll-like receptors and NOD proteins.
Philip et al. 2025 Brain Behav Immun 127: 238-250

They also required the activation and movement of a specific type of immune cell into the brain. These cells are called CD11b⁺-CD11c⁺-CD103⁺ dendritic cells.
Philip et al. 2025 Brain Behav Immun 127: 238-25…