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Several factors can regulate the TJs, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) (19,20).
For example, TLR-3 activation decreases colon permeability (21).
TLR5-specific activation also reduces the resistance of the epithelial barrier and increases intestinal permeability by modifying the TJ proteins claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 (22).
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 19 (LRRC19) is strongly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells under normal physiological conditions and activated by several TLR ligands (23,24).
A lack of LRRC19 can reduce inflammatory responses and affect the appearance and development of tumors in intestinal tissue (25).
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