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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression in macrophages. HDACs remove acetyl groups from histone proteins, leading to chromatin condensation and gene repression. HDAC activity influences how precursor cells develop into mature macrophages and shapes their activation states - whether they become pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2). Pharmacological inhibition of HDACs can alter macroph…