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Current knowledge of the role of a protective immune response in atherosclerotic lesions has provided promising opportunities to develop new immunotherapeutic strategies.
In particular, Tregs exert an atheroprotective role by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10/TGF-β) and suppressing autoreactive T lymphocytes.
In vivo animal experiments have shown that this can be achieved by developing vaccines that stimulate immunological tolerance to atheroma antigens.
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