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Ciprofloxacin significantly altered the gut microbiota, affecting the abundance of about one-third of bacterial taxa. Treatment reduced taxonomic richness, diversity, and evenness, although the magnitude of disruption varied among individuals (3). These broad community-level effects contradict earlier reports that ciprofloxacin has minimal impact on the gut microbiota.
Four weeks after ciprofloxacin treatment ended, the overall taxonomic composition largely returned to its pretreatment state. However, some bacterial taxa remained depleted six months later, indicating that apparent community recovery may not…