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Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 was engineered to produce the AhR agonist indole-3-acetic acid. Injection of these bacteria into tumor-bearing mice altered the TME, significantly increased levels of Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g), and enhanced the frequency and activation of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Tumor growth was inhibited, and surviva…