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DNA hemimethylation is one of several mechanisms for regulating DNA replication shortly after DNA replication. It means that in a double-stranded DNA segment, only one strand is methylated, while the complementary strand at the corresponding site is not yet methylated.
In Escherichia coli (E. coli) K-12, hemimethylation is not just a transient biochemical intermediate but a functional, information-bearing DNA state. Replication timing, mismatch repair, and phase-variable gene regulation are controlled by it. Before DNA duplication, the corresponding adenine bases in a GATC sequence on both DNA strands are methylated; after replication, only the old parent strand is temporarily methylated, while the newly formed daughter strand does not yet carry a…