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After birth, microbiota signals to epithelial cells and DC provide an intact gut immune system (gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) maturation, recruitment of IgA-secreting plasma cells and activated T cells to mucosal sites
The rapidly increasing incidence of chronic inflammatory disorders of these surfaces, such as inflammatory bowel disease and asthma, indicates that the immune functions of these mucosae are becoming disrupted in humans
The total mucosal surface area of the adult human gastrointestinal tract is up to 300 m^2
Collins et al. 1998 Int. Dairy Journal 8: 487-490