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Low back pain encompasses a spectrum of different types of pain, including nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic (or non-specific) pain, which frequently overlap. The lumbar spine's components - such as soft tissue, vertebrae, zygapophyseal and sacroiliac joints, intervertebral discs, and neurovascular structures - are susceptible to various stressors. Each of these elements, either alone or in combination, can contribute to low back pain.
Due to numerous factors related to low back pain and the low specificity of imaging and diagnostic injections, diagnostic methods for this condition remain controversial. The biopsychosocial model suggests that low back pain results from a dynamic interaction between social, psychological, and biological factors. These factors can both predisp…