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Despite the success of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 in treating various solid tumors, there are some patients who are refractory to these therapies.
TIM-3 is a co-inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor and could be upregulated in response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 therapy, resulting in acquired resistance.
TIM-3 and its ligands can be expressed by various immune cell types and tumor cells.
TIM-3 could serve as a prognostic biomarker for many solid tumors.
Inhibition of TIM-3 signaling in preclinical models positively regulates innate and adaptive immunity and alleviates T cell exhaustion in various disease contexts, including cancer and chronic infections.
Inhibition of TIM-3 could further advance the landscape of immunotherapy for treating solid tumors.…