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Medical Research Finder

meRfi® Microbiome - The Digital Gut Microbiome Reference (incl. AI Chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

Human Beta Defensins

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hBD2–4 (Human Beta Defensin 1 (HBD1), Human Beta Defensin 2 (HBD2), Human Beta Defensin 3 (HBD3), Human Beta Defensin 4 (HBD4)) are upregulated by bacterial challenge and pro-inflammatory cytokines
O’Neil et al. 2000 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 68(9): 5412-5415
O’Neil 2003 Mol Immunol 40: 445–50

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Expression and regulation of the human beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intestinal epithelium
O’Neil et al., 1999 J Immunol. 163(12): 6718–24
Regulation of expression of beta-defensins: endogenous enteric peptide antibiotics.
O’Neil 2003 Mol Immunol 40: 445–50
Regulation of Human b -Defensins by Gastric Epithelial Cells in Response to Infection with Helicobacter pylori or Stimulation with Interleukin-1
O’Neil et al. 2000 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 68(9): 5412-5415

7/1/2026