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Smoking continues to be the most important risk factor for the development of bladder cancer, and this risk has increased over time.
Major risk factors include environmental and occupational exposure to carcinogens.
Nitrosamine compounds, like N-butyl-N(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) and related organic contaminants in tobacco smoke, induce bladder cancer.
Chronic exposure to N-butyl-N(4-hy…