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CD4+ Th9 cells are characterized by the production of interleukin-9 (IL-9), which distinguishes them from other CD4+ T helper cells. They are involved in various immunological processes (e.g., inflammatory diseases, parasitic infections, and tumor immunity). CD4+ Th9 cells are part of the more comprehensive type 2 immune response, which traditionally includes CD4+ Th2 cells and is associated with the defense against parasitic infections and [allergic reactions](…