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meRfi® Microbiome - The Digital Gut Microbiome Reference (incl. AI Chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

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Breastfeeding

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Breastfeeding can help infants who are born by cesarean, preterm, or exposed to antibiotics. It supports protection against infections and other health issues.
Ma et al. 2026 Front Microbiol 17: 1790225

Breast milk provides the best nutrition for infants, promoting growth and health throughout life.
Perrella et al. 2021 Semin Perinatol 45(2): 151380
Zhang et al. 2024 J Agric Food Chem 72(19):10665-10678

Early cessation of breastfeeding (before 3 months) leads to premature microbial acquisition linked to immune modulation and asthma. Longer exclusive breastfeeding supports paced microbial development, offering protection against asthma. Extended breastfeeding is …

References (Sources)

Breastfeeding and child cognitive development new evidence from a large randomized trial
Kramer et al. 2008 Arch Gen Psychiatry 65(5): 578-84
Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong eﬀect
Victora et al. 2016 Lancet 387: 475-490
Review
Exclusive breastfeeding protects against bacterial colonization and day care exposure to otitis media
Duffy et al. 1997 Pediatrics 100(4): e7-e7
Fecal short-chain fatty acid variations by breastfeeding status in infants at 4 months: differences in relative versus absolute concentrations
Bridgman et al. 2017 Front Nutr 4: 11
Increasing Commitment to Breastfeeding through Funding and Improved Policies and Programmes
World Health Organization United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Global Breastfeeding Scorecard 2019 :https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326049
Longitudinal investigation of the faecal microbiota of healthy full-term infants using fluorescence in situ hybridization and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
Roger & McCartney 2010 Microbiology (Reading) 156(11): 3317-3328
Microbial contact during pregnancy, intestinal colonization and human disease
Rautava et al. 2012 Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 9: 565-576

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Breastfeeding - Wikipedia
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326049
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