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aus Luo et al. 2018
The gut-brain axis is an interaction system that integrates immunological, neural, endocrine, and metabolic pathways, and dysfunction of this axis has pathophysiological effects on the host (9,10). Many studies have found a high prevalence of mood disorders such as depression and/or anxiety in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel disorder and inflammatory [bowel disorder](b…