Xenobiotics

Xenobiotics are foreign chemical substances, including drugs, that are not naturally produced by an organism. These substances can include:

• Secondary plant metabolites


• Mycotoxins


• Venoms


• Pharmaceuticals


• Byproducts of industrialization

Xenobiotics induce changes in the composition and physiology of the gut microbiota. These changes can further modulate the microbiota's effect on drug metabolism, influencing gene expression and overall health.

Schmidt & Bradfield 1996 Annu Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 12: 55–89
Maurice et al. 2013
Montassier et al. 2015

see also:
Drugs / Medications & Metabolic activities / Metabolism