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Healthy individuals and cancer patients have different microbial flora in population and diversity (29). Live gut microbiota (GM) is a significant factor in cancer development and treatment response, even outside the gastrointestinal tract (1,2, 28) and both at epithelial barriers and in sterile tissues (21). The influence of the intestinal microbiota on tumors runs through all stages of occurrence, development, and treatment (10). E.g., the gut microbiome affects the side effects of cancer treatments (2).
GM composition affects cancer development, with certain microbes and their metabolites linked to varying cancer risks (1). There are some pro-tumorigenic bacteria: