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meRfi® Microbiome - The Digital Gut Microbiome Reference (incl. AI Chat)

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Development of Gut Microbiota & Early Childhood / Neonates

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The importance of maternal-to-infant microbiome transmission

Microbiome transmission from mother to infant is important for establishing a healthy infant gut microbiota (4).

When does initial microbial colonization begin?

Newborns have little to no established gut microbiota at birth (66). Initial microbial colonization occurs around the time of birth (59, 60, 70), and develops significantly during the first three years after birth (59, 62, 70). The first year of life is a critical period for gut microbiome development (63, 67).

First Colonizers in Healthy Infants

In healthy infants, [aerobic bacteria](brain://api.thebrain.com/wzsofVOsh4ANI-lTZFbXXQ/NNEG74Mvm0q6eVHCBz8dsw/AerobicBacteriaAe…

References (Sources)

Early-life colonization by aromatic-lactate-producing bifidobacteria lowers the risk of allergic sensitization
Myers et al. 2026 Nat Microbiol 11: 429-441
Examination of faecal Bifidobacterium populations in breast- and formula-fed infants during the first 18 months of life
Roger et al. 2010 Microbiology (Reading) 156(11): 3329-3341
Fecal short-chain fatty acid variations by breastfeeding status in infants at 4 months: differences in relative versus absolute concentrations
Bridgman et al. 2017 Front Nutr 4: 11
The association between early-life gut microbiota and long-term health and diseases
Sarkar et al. 2021 J Clin Med 10: 459
Review
The role of the lung microbiota and the gut-lung axis in respiratory infectious diseases
Dumas et al. 2018 Cell Microbiol 20: e12966
Review
Timing of complementary feeding is associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition and short chain fatty acid concentrations over the first year of life
Differding et al. 2020 BMC Microbiol 20(1): 56
WHO Guideline for Complementary Feeding of Infants and Young Children 6–23 Months of Age
World Health Organization 2023a

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10/17/2026

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